Tekinoloje zambiri zapamwamba zikusintha miyoyo yathu tsiku lililonse. Kubwera ndi kukula kwakeGalimoto Yamagetsi (EV)ndi chitsanzo chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa kusintha kumeneku kungatanthauze moyo wathu wabizinesi - komanso m'miyoyo yathu.
Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso kukakamizidwa kwa chilengedwe pamagalimoto oyaka moto mkati (ICE) zikuyendetsa chidwi chomwe chikukulirakulira pamsika wa EV. Opanga magalimoto ambiri okhazikika akubweretsa mitundu yatsopano ya EV, kuphatikiza oyambitsa atsopano omwe amalowa pamsika. Ndi kusankha kwa kupanga ndi zitsanzo zomwe zilipo masiku ano, ndi zina zambiri zomwe zikubwera, mwayi woti tonse titha kuyendetsa ma EV m'tsogolomu uli pafupi ndi zenizeni kuposa kale lonse.
Ukadaulo womwe umapatsa mphamvu ma EV amasiku ano umafuna kusintha kwakukulu kuchokera momwe magalimoto achikhalidwe amapangidwira. Njira yopangira ma EVs imafunikira kuganiziridwa molingana ndi kukongola kwagalimotoyo. Izi zikuphatikiza mzere wamaloboti opangidwa makamaka kuti agwiritse ntchito ma EV - komanso mizere yosinthika yokhala ndi maloboti am'manja omwe amatha kusunthidwa ndikutuluka panjira zosiyanasiyana ngati pakufunika.
M'magazini ino tiwona zosintha zomwe zikufunika kuti mupange bwino komanso kupanga ma EV lero. Tikambirana momwe njira ndi njira zopangira zimasiyanirana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalimoto oyendera gasi.
Kupanga, zigawo ndi njira zopangira
Ngakhale kuti chitukuko cha EV chinatsatiridwa mwamphamvu ndi ofufuza ndi opanga kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, chidwi chinayimitsidwa chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika mtengo, magalimoto opangidwa ndi mafuta opangidwa ndi mafuta ambiri. Kufufuza kunachepa kuchokera mu 1920 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1960 pamene nkhani za chilengedwe za kuipitsidwa ndi mantha a kuwononga zachilengedwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwa njira yosamalira chilengedwe yoyendera anthu.
Kusintha kwa EVkupanga
Ma EV amasiku ano ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi magalimoto oyendera mafuta a ICE (injini yoyatsira mkati). Mitundu yatsopano ya ma EV yapindula ndi zoyesayesa zingapo zomwe zidalephera kupanga ndi kupanga magalimoto amagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga kwazaka zambiri.
Pali zosiyana zambiri momwe ma EV amapangidwira poyerekeza ndi magalimoto a ICE. Cholinga chake chinali kuteteza injini, koma cholinga ichi tsopano chasintha ndikuteteza mabatire popanga EV. Okonza magalimoto ndi mainjiniya akuganiziranso za kapangidwe kake ka EVs, komanso kupanga njira zatsopano zopangira ndi kusonkhana kuti amange. Tsopano akupanga EV kuchokera pansi ndikuganizira mozama za aerodynamics, kulemera ndi mphamvu zina.
An batire yagalimoto yamagetsi (EVB)ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la mabatire omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa mphamvu ma mota amagetsi amitundu yonse ya ma EV. Nthawi zambiri, awa ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion omwe amatha kuchangidwanso omwe amapangidwa kuti azitha kuchuluka kwa ola la ampere (kapena kilowattour). Mabatire omwe amatha kuwonjezeredwa aukadaulo wa lithiumion ndi nyumba zapulasitiki zomwe zimakhala ndi zitsulo zachitsulo ndi ma cathode. Mabatire a lithiamu-ion amagwiritsa ntchito polima electrolyte m'malo mwa electrolyte yamadzimadzi. Ma polima apamwamba a semisolid (gel) amapanga electrolyte iyi.
Lithiamu-ionEV mabatirendi mabatire ozungulira kwambiri opangidwa kuti azipereka mphamvu pakanthawi kochepa. Zing'onozing'ono komanso zopepuka, mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi ofunika chifukwa amachepetsa kulemera kwa galimoto ndipo motero amawongolera ntchito yake.
Mabatirewa amapereka mphamvu zapadera kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya batri ya lithiamu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapulogalamu omwe kulemera ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, monga zida zam'manja, ndege zoyendetsedwa ndi wailesi komanso, ma EVs. Batire ya lithiamu-ion imatha kusunga mawati 150 amagetsi mu batire yolemera pafupifupi 1 kilogalamu.
M'zaka makumi awiri zapitazi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa batri la lithiamu-ion kwayendetsedwa ndi zida zamagetsi zonyamula, makompyuta apakompyuta, mafoni am'manja, zida zamagetsi ndi zina zambiri. Makampani a EV apeza phindu la kupita patsogolo kumeneku pakuchita komanso kachulukidwe kamphamvu. Mosiyana ndi ma chemistry ena a batri, mabatire a lithiamu-ion amatha kutulutsidwa ndi kuyitanidwanso tsiku lililonse komanso pamlingo uliwonse wolipira.
Pali matekinoloje omwe amathandizira kupanga mitundu ina ya kulemera kopepuka, mabatire odalirika, okwera mtengo - ndipo kafukufuku akupitiliza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mabatire omwe amafunikira ma EV amasiku ano. Mabatire omwe amasunga mphamvu ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi asintha kukhala ukadaulo wawo ndipo akusintha pafupifupi tsiku lililonse.
Dongosolo lamayendedwe
Ma EV ali ndi ma motors amagetsi, omwe amatchedwanso ma traction kapena propulsion system - ndipo amakhala ndi zitsulo ndi pulasitiki zomwe sizifunikira mafuta. Dongosololi limatembenuza mphamvu zamagetsi kuchokera ku batri ndikuzitumiza ku sitima yapamtunda.
Ma EV amatha kupangidwa ndi ma gudumu awiri kapena ma gudumu onse, pogwiritsa ntchito ma motors amagetsi awiri kapena anayi motsatana. Ma motors onse olunjika (DC) ndi alternating current (AC) akugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakinawa kapena ma propulsion a EVs. Ma motors a AC pakadali pano ndi otchuka kwambiri, chifukwa sagwiritsa ntchito maburashi ndipo amafunikira chisamaliro chochepa.
Wowongolera wa EV
Ma EV motors amaphatikizanso zowongolera zamagetsi zamagetsi. Wowongolera uyu amakhala ndi phukusi lamagetsi lomwe limagwira ntchito pakati pa mabatire ndi mota yamagetsi kuti liwongolere liwiro lagalimoto ndi kuthamanga, monga momwe carburetor imachitira mugalimoto yoyendetsedwa ndi petulo. Makina apakompyuta okwerawa samangoyambitsa galimoto, komanso amayendetsa zitseko, mazenera, zoziziritsa kukhosi, makina owunikira matayala, zosangalatsa, ndi zina zambiri zomwe zimapezeka m'magalimoto onse.
EV mabuleki
Mabuleki amtundu uliwonse amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma EV, koma ma braking system amakondedwa pamagalimoto amagetsi. Regenerative braking ndi njira yomwe injini imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati jenereta kuti iwonjezere mabatire pamene galimoto ikucheperachepera. Mabuleki awa amatenganso mphamvu zina zomwe zidatayika panthawi ya braking ndikuzibwezera ku batire.
Panthawi yobwezeretsanso mabuleki, mphamvu zina za kinetic zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatengedwa ndi mabuleki ndikusandulika kutentha zimasinthidwa kukhala magetsi ndi wowongolera - ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyitanitsanso mabatire. Kubwezeretsanso mabuleki sikungowonjezera kuchuluka kwagalimoto yamagetsi ndi 5 mpaka 10%, komanso kwatsimikizira kuti kumachepetsa kuvala kwa mabuleki ndikuchepetsa mtengo wokonza.
Ma charger a EV
Mitundu iwiri ya ma charger ikufunika. Chojambulira chokwanira chokwanira kuti muyike mugalaja ndiyofunikira kuti muwonjezere ma EV usiku wonse, komanso chojambulira chonyamula. Ma charger onyamula ayamba kukhala zida zokhazikika kuchokera kwa opanga ambiri. Ma charger awa amasungidwa mu thunthu kuti mabatire a EV azitha kuwonjezeredwa pang'ono kapena kuwonjezeredwa paulendo wautali kapena pakagwa mwadzidzidzi ngati kuzima kwa magetsi. M'nkhani yamtsogolo tidzafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mitundu yaMalo opangira ma EVmonga Level 1, Level 2 ndi Wireless.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-20-2024